WEBVTT 00:04.220 --> 00:06.319 Hello, everyone. My name is Shakira, 00:06.320 --> 00:07.879 and I'm here to talk about the 00:07.880 --> 00:10.159 future of energy. 00:10.160 --> 00:11.869 So I think the first thing to talk 00:11.870 --> 00:13.759 about is what do we know 00:13.760 --> 00:16.189 right now about energy 00:16.190 --> 00:18.319 and the world and how it all relates 00:18.320 --> 00:19.399 to us? 00:19.400 --> 00:22.039 Well, we know we need to innovate 00:22.040 --> 00:23.509 our energy systems. 00:23.510 --> 00:25.399 We need more capacity, and we 00:25.400 --> 00:26.989 would like to get more renewable 00:26.990 --> 00:29.539 energy onto the grid, utilize 00:29.540 --> 00:31.189 in a very efficient manner where we 00:31.190 --> 00:32.298 can all participate in that 00:32.299 --> 00:33.679 renewable energy. 00:33.680 --> 00:35.119 We also know that a lot of our 00:35.120 --> 00:36.619 energy infrastructure is aging. 00:36.620 --> 00:37.849 It's getting very old. 00:37.850 --> 00:39.439 It needs to be replaced and it's 00:39.440 --> 00:41.299 quite susceptible to extreme 00:41.300 --> 00:43.009 weather events, which we are seeing 00:43.010 --> 00:44.499 all the time. 00:44.500 --> 00:46.339 We also know that consumers 00:46.340 --> 00:48.139 like yourselves and myself are very 00:48.140 --> 00:50.359 interested in participating in 00:50.360 --> 00:52.519 clean energy and sustainability 00:52.520 --> 00:54.079 going forward. 00:54.080 --> 00:56.269 There's a growing appetite for 00:56.270 --> 00:57.769 that kind of participation and 00:57.770 --> 00:59.750 potentially even at the home level. 01:00.860 --> 01:02.749 So we hear and asked 01:02.750 --> 01:03.719 ourselves some questions. 01:03.720 --> 01:05.449 We said, Well, what if we could 01:05.450 --> 01:07.639 unlock the potential of hydrogen 01:07.640 --> 01:09.349 as something that could store 01:09.350 --> 01:11.209 renewable energy for us at 01:11.210 --> 01:12.529 our home level? 01:12.530 --> 01:14.749 Can that help us be more sustainable 01:14.750 --> 01:16.729 and greener going forward? 01:16.730 --> 01:18.469 And can we imagine a future where 01:18.470 --> 01:20.929 consumers can readily 01:20.930 --> 01:22.759 procure technology 01:22.760 --> 01:24.829 that they can put into their houses 01:24.830 --> 01:26.539 to dramatically improve the 01:26.540 --> 01:28.459 sustainability of their homes by 01:28.460 --> 01:30.199 just buying something off the shelf 01:30.200 --> 01:32.029 from a hardware store in 01:32.030 --> 01:33.030 terms of a kit 01:33.950 --> 01:35.809 that would hopefully 01:35.810 --> 01:37.369 make energy systems much more 01:37.370 --> 01:39.379 resilient and allow people 01:39.380 --> 01:41.239 to firsthand play a very 01:41.240 --> 01:43.759 important role in energy transition. 01:43.760 --> 01:46.939 So our prediction is that 01:46.940 --> 01:49.189 we will have more distributed 01:49.190 --> 01:51.409 energy systems in the future 01:51.410 --> 01:53.329 rather than big plants generating 01:53.330 --> 01:54.889 energy everywhere. 01:54.890 --> 01:56.719 We will have homes 01:56.720 --> 01:58.639 generating energy and storing 01:58.640 --> 02:00.469 energy within 02:00.470 --> 02:02.629 their own boundaries as people 02:02.630 --> 02:04.309 participate in this energy 02:04.310 --> 02:05.299 transition. 02:05.300 --> 02:07.249 And we believe that hydrogen is 02:07.250 --> 02:09.168 going to be one of the key parts 02:09.169 --> 02:10.579 of that energy transition. 02:13.200 --> 02:15.149 So what is 02:15.150 --> 02:16.289 the future of energy? 02:16.290 --> 02:18.149 Well, I think we 02:18.150 --> 02:20.609 will see more convenient options 02:20.610 --> 02:22.529 available to us to allow 02:22.530 --> 02:24.509 for cleaner energy into the halls 02:24.510 --> 02:25.349 and into our homes. 02:25.350 --> 02:27.269 So small scale energy systems 02:27.270 --> 02:28.649 that are really beneficial to remote 02:28.650 --> 02:30.269 communities as well. 02:30.270 --> 02:31.979 That means more consumer choice. 02:31.980 --> 02:34.169 We will have more agency in 02:34.170 --> 02:36.689 taking a really important 02:36.690 --> 02:38.969 view towards this energy transition 02:38.970 --> 02:41.009 to not only get to net zero, 02:41.010 --> 02:42.959 probably what comes after net zero, 02:42.960 --> 02:45.089 which is the world of net negative, 02:45.090 --> 02:46.919 where we're actually reducing 02:46.920 --> 02:48.539 emissions very significantly 02:48.540 --> 02:50.189 compared to what we're doing now. 02:53.310 --> 02:55.379 So in terms of the drivers for 02:55.380 --> 02:57.209 this, I like to think of it and we 02:57.210 --> 02:58.289 like to think of it in terms of 02:58.290 --> 02:59.099 three DS. 02:59.100 --> 03:01.739 There's decarbonization, de-risking 03:01.740 --> 03:02.999 and distribution. 03:03.000 --> 03:04.439 So decarbonization is already 03:04.440 --> 03:06.479 happening. We are seeing the world 03:06.480 --> 03:07.979 pulling multiple levers to 03:07.980 --> 03:09.869 decarbonize and reduce the amount 03:09.870 --> 03:11.339 of greenhouse gases that are emitted 03:11.340 --> 03:12.869 into the atmosphere. 03:12.870 --> 03:14.789 But we also need to de-risk our 03:14.790 --> 03:16.259 energy infrastructure, which again 03:16.260 --> 03:18.509 is aging and needs to be replenished 03:18.510 --> 03:20.489 and is subject to extreme weather 03:20.490 --> 03:22.349 events all over the world. 03:22.350 --> 03:24.179 And finally, we want to enable 03:24.180 --> 03:26.159 a distributed, decentralized set 03:26.160 --> 03:28.199 of solutions to how energy 03:28.200 --> 03:30.029 is actually being used, especially 03:30.030 --> 03:32.249 as people make more and more choices 03:32.250 --> 03:33.659 to live in different places than 03:33.660 --> 03:35.429 they did before the pandemic, for 03:35.430 --> 03:36.479 instance. 03:36.480 --> 03:38.369 So decarbonization 03:38.370 --> 03:39.779 is the first of these 03:40.920 --> 03:42.749 many countries and governments 03:42.750 --> 03:45.149 have pledged to net zero by 2050. 03:45.150 --> 03:46.709 Many corporations have pledged to 03:46.710 --> 03:48.179 net zero by 2050. 03:48.180 --> 03:49.739 The Paris Accord is out there. 03:49.740 --> 03:51.809 There are lots of pushes towards 03:51.810 --> 03:53.999 reducing greenhouse gas 03:54.000 --> 03:55.859 emissions into the atmosphere, and 03:55.860 --> 03:56.969 that's reflected in changing 03:56.970 --> 03:57.970 consumer habits. 04:01.220 --> 04:02.899 Habits are changing in terms of 04:02.900 --> 04:04.849 energy. Long before the pandemic 04:04.850 --> 04:06.919 hit. But I think the global shutdown 04:06.920 --> 04:08.599 has really forced people to 04:08.600 --> 04:10.429 reevaluate how they live and 04:10.430 --> 04:13.039 what their behaviors really are. 04:13.040 --> 04:14.389 To better understand consumer 04:14.390 --> 04:16.129 behavior. We undertook a survey of 04:16.130 --> 04:17.958 about 8000 people globally to 04:17.959 --> 04:19.549 take a look at what they really 04:19.550 --> 04:20.599 wanted. 04:20.600 --> 04:22.549 How did they want to play a part 04:22.550 --> 04:24.619 in this transition, especially after 04:24.620 --> 04:26.509 they experienced a long time 04:26.510 --> 04:28.609 not driving as much or not flying 04:28.610 --> 04:30.619 as much, just not consuming as much 04:30.620 --> 04:31.729 energy. 04:31.730 --> 04:33.139 So the survey findings are really 04:33.140 --> 04:34.999 interesting. We found that 04:35.000 --> 04:36.379 people were very interested in 04:36.380 --> 04:38.509 having a hydrogen boiler 04:38.510 --> 04:40.639 in the house to produce heat 04:40.640 --> 04:43.159 rather than a natural gas furnace or 04:43.160 --> 04:45.019 potentially having solar or hydrogen 04:45.020 --> 04:47.029 storage for power 04:47.030 --> 04:49.489 in their homes and potentially 04:49.490 --> 04:51.169 buying an electric vehicle or having 04:51.170 --> 04:53.029 solar panels on their roof to 04:53.030 --> 04:55.219 the level of 75% of the respondents 04:55.220 --> 04:56.509 that we talked to. 04:56.510 --> 04:58.490 And that's a very significant shift 04:59.750 --> 05:00.589 derisking. 05:00.590 --> 05:02.359 So, again, extreme weather events 05:02.360 --> 05:03.289 continue. 05:03.290 --> 05:05.149 We are seeing lots of spikes 05:05.150 --> 05:06.529 in terms of energy demand. 05:07.730 --> 05:09.229 We think that a lot of our energy 05:09.230 --> 05:10.399 through poles and wires. 05:10.400 --> 05:11.929 We've all seen these big wires 05:11.930 --> 05:13.789 running across our 05:13.790 --> 05:15.649 continents and our countries and 05:15.650 --> 05:17.119 through the countryside, they're 05:17.120 --> 05:19.009 susceptible to power outages and 05:19.010 --> 05:21.679 high winds, floods. 05:21.680 --> 05:23.179 They're susceptible to hurricanes. 05:23.180 --> 05:25.129 And we're seeing more intense and 05:25.130 --> 05:26.989 frequent weather events of that 05:26.990 --> 05:28.009 magnitude. 05:28.010 --> 05:29.689 We've also seen bushfires in places 05:29.690 --> 05:30.889 that are created by 05:32.270 --> 05:34.309 power lines, in some cases 05:34.310 --> 05:36.049 that have devastating effects on 05:36.050 --> 05:37.639 local populations. 05:37.640 --> 05:39.799 So there's an increased emphasis 05:39.800 --> 05:41.809 on island and some of this activity 05:41.810 --> 05:43.249 and having more having a more 05:43.250 --> 05:45.379 distributed set of networks. 05:45.380 --> 05:46.670 Which leads me to distributed 05:48.140 --> 05:50.149 the future of energy really looks 05:50.150 --> 05:52.009 like democratization of 05:52.010 --> 05:54.499 energy, energy available 05:54.500 --> 05:56.899 availability at the residential 05:56.900 --> 05:58.969 level where we can actually control 05:58.970 --> 06:00.919 what we're use generating and what 06:00.920 --> 06:02.839 we're using as part of a more 06:02.840 --> 06:04.699 equitable and smart and 06:04.700 --> 06:05.700 just transition. 06:06.740 --> 06:08.659 So how does hydrogen play into this? 06:08.660 --> 06:10.549 Well, renewable energy 06:10.550 --> 06:11.749 is intermittent. 06:11.750 --> 06:13.189 The wind doesn't always blow. 06:13.190 --> 06:14.869 The sun doesn't always shine. 06:14.870 --> 06:16.729 We need to be able to store energy 06:16.730 --> 06:18.439 in addition to generating it, if 06:18.440 --> 06:19.999 that's what we want to do. 06:20.000 --> 06:21.829 There's lots of technology 06:21.830 --> 06:22.969 out there right now that it's 06:22.970 --> 06:25.069 allowing this to happen at at 06:25.070 --> 06:26.629 the local level so that we can 06:26.630 --> 06:28.549 actually participate in hydrogen as 06:28.550 --> 06:30.469 one of the ways of storing energy 06:30.470 --> 06:31.669 rather than batteries. 06:31.670 --> 06:33.409 And hydrogen offers an advantage for 06:33.410 --> 06:35.029 being able to store energy for a 06:35.030 --> 06:36.769 longer period of time. 06:36.770 --> 06:38.239 So how is this achieved and what are 06:38.240 --> 06:40.549 the factors that are important 06:40.550 --> 06:41.479 for hydrogen? 06:41.480 --> 06:43.069 Obviously, we need technology. 06:43.070 --> 06:43.999 It has to exist. 06:44.000 --> 06:45.739 It has to be affordable. 06:45.740 --> 06:47.929 It has to be available to us. 06:47.930 --> 06:50.119 It has to be simple for homeowners 06:50.120 --> 06:52.759 to utilize, has to be controllable, 06:52.760 --> 06:54.709 and it has to actually have some 06:54.710 --> 06:56.479 financial component to it that shows 06:56.480 --> 06:58.069 some type of saving over time. 06:59.090 --> 07:00.859 The good news is technology is now 07:00.860 --> 07:01.789 available. 07:01.790 --> 07:03.469 There are technologies in the world 07:03.470 --> 07:05.659 such as the Lavo system or 07:05.660 --> 07:07.549 the Japan system that are out 07:07.550 --> 07:09.649 there that are allowing 07:09.650 --> 07:11.809 us to actually 07:11.810 --> 07:13.699 store energy inside our 07:13.700 --> 07:15.499 houses in the form of hydrogen. 07:15.500 --> 07:17.389 So imagine rooftop solar storing 07:17.390 --> 07:19.249 electricity in the form of hydrogen 07:19.250 --> 07:20.329 in your house. 07:20.330 --> 07:21.619 This is the type of future that 07:21.620 --> 07:22.819 we're looking at now. 07:25.480 --> 07:27.460 In terms of cost. 07:29.790 --> 07:31.409 We have to remember the example of 07:31.410 --> 07:32.249 solar. 07:32.250 --> 07:34.259 Solar power 20 years ago cost 07:34.260 --> 07:36.149 a lot of money, and I don't think 07:36.150 --> 07:37.829 we ever thought it would come down 07:37.830 --> 07:39.719 in cost to the level that it 07:39.720 --> 07:41.669 has. Now, the most 07:41.670 --> 07:44.009 economical way of making electricity 07:44.010 --> 07:46.559 in the world and just a fantastic 07:46.560 --> 07:47.849 evolution of that particular 07:47.850 --> 07:48.989 technology. 07:48.990 --> 07:50.429 A lot of people have on their on 07:50.430 --> 07:52.379 their houses right now. 07:52.380 --> 07:54.179 These technologies are also going to 07:54.180 --> 07:56.579 see things like household solar, 07:56.580 --> 07:58.109 hydrogen storage are also going to 07:58.110 --> 08:00.029 see downwards pressure in terms 08:00.030 --> 08:01.079 of cost. 08:01.080 --> 08:02.969 We're already seeing this in things 08:02.970 --> 08:05.159 like electric power, electric 08:05.160 --> 08:05.999 vehicles. 08:06.000 --> 08:07.469 There is a significant uptake in 08:07.470 --> 08:09.179 that market because the cost has 08:09.180 --> 08:11.039 come down and they have become more 08:11.040 --> 08:12.040 affordable. 08:13.440 --> 08:14.730 In terms of availability. 08:16.650 --> 08:18.689 I personally think it would be 08:18.690 --> 08:20.849 fantastic if one day 08:20.850 --> 08:22.709 I could go in my electric 08:22.710 --> 08:24.539 vehicle, perhaps to the 08:24.540 --> 08:26.279 local hardware store and I could buy 08:26.280 --> 08:28.109 a kit that allows me to put 08:28.110 --> 08:30.029 solar panels on my roof very easily 08:30.030 --> 08:31.319 when I don't have to employ a 08:31.320 --> 08:33.329 contractor and I can buy 08:33.330 --> 08:35.189 hydrogen storage so that 08:35.190 --> 08:37.109 I can then connect to that 08:37.110 --> 08:38.939 rooftop solar system 08:38.940 --> 08:40.769 so that when I 08:40.770 --> 08:42.629 when the sun is shining, I'm 08:42.630 --> 08:44.489 storing energy and I 08:44.490 --> 08:46.229 can then take that energy out of 08:46.230 --> 08:48.929 that unit when I want to 08:48.930 --> 08:50.429 or when I need to. 08:50.430 --> 08:52.379 I think that kind of choice 08:52.380 --> 08:54.209 in the consumer level, where this 08:54.210 --> 08:56.579 is the type of appliance 08:56.580 --> 08:58.529 we can readily access, just makes 08:58.530 --> 09:00.089 it so much more available to 09:00.090 --> 09:02.009 everyone. And it allows us 09:02.010 --> 09:03.749 as consumers to really make informed 09:03.750 --> 09:04.589 choices. 09:04.590 --> 09:06.179 We can make a choice about when we 09:06.180 --> 09:08.009 want to do this, and we 09:08.010 --> 09:09.749 can participate in a system that 09:09.750 --> 09:11.579 makes it really easy for us to 09:11.580 --> 09:12.479 do this. 09:12.480 --> 09:13.649 I think that's what the future is 09:13.650 --> 09:15.299 going to bring in terms of hydrogen. 09:17.540 --> 09:19.549 Now, I don't want to say 09:19.550 --> 09:21.619 that hydrogen storage in the home is 09:21.620 --> 09:22.849 a magic bullet. 09:22.850 --> 09:23.869 It's not. 09:23.870 --> 09:26.059 It's one part of a very big 09:26.060 --> 09:27.919 attempt to push on 09:27.920 --> 09:29.149 decarbonization. 09:29.150 --> 09:30.289 The oil and gas companies are 09:30.290 --> 09:31.609 decarbonizing. 09:31.610 --> 09:33.289 Many countries are setting net zero 09:33.290 --> 09:34.189 goals. 09:34.190 --> 09:36.229 This is about allowing consumers 09:36.230 --> 09:38.059 to also participate in the 09:38.060 --> 09:40.069 future at the residential level, 09:40.070 --> 09:42.079 where we can control what we do 09:42.080 --> 09:43.699 and how we set up our homes. 09:43.700 --> 09:44.929 And I think that's what the future 09:44.930 --> 09:46.969 is going to look like is 09:46.970 --> 09:48.769 all these big decarbonization 09:48.770 --> 09:50.779 efforts happening in parallel to 09:50.780 --> 09:52.129 the things that we can do by 09:52.130 --> 09:54.529 ourselves in our own homes. 09:54.530 --> 09:55.369 Thank you very much. 09:55.370 --> 09:57.230 It's been a pleasure talking to you.